Climate
change
Climate
Change, as a concept, has now left the boardrooms and political
debating chambers, and become a mainstream real and present concern
to every nation.
The science of climate change is no longer an issue
of scientific contention. The global average surface temperature
has increased over the 20th century by 0.6oC. In Scotland we are
now threatened by extremes of weather, sea level rise and the raft
of implications, issues of disease, and effects on fragile economies,
makes it important that we take action to impact the issue.
As the scientific understanding of the threats
of Climate Change are understood and communicated better to the
wider population, the Sustainability Centre in Glasgow is developing
resources to support the growing need for action in Scotland.
Ultimately, Climate Change is about us: Our communities,
our environments, our livelihoods. From energy consumption and production,
transportation and waste are major contributors of greenhouse gases
in Scotland; reducing levels comes from a spectrum of changes in
the way we live our live and make our livings. Managing and supporting
that change locally is an important issue to the Sustainability
Centre in Glasgow.
As such, climate change is a major sustainability
issue and meeting the challenges it presents across Scotland’s
economic sectors is vital as part of a sustainable future.
Download the presentation
by Charles Russell and Stas Burek, 'Meeting Scotland's 2020 Renewable
Energy Target' (Feb 07)
Carbon Management Programme
Carbon Management is the measurement and management
of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) using sophisticated footprinting tools
or Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories. Called Carbon Management
after the “carbon” in carbon dioxide, which is the most
prolific GHG. In Scotland CO2 represents the bulk of
our emissions and is closely linked particularly with the energy
sector, burning of fossil fuels. Scotland with its leadership in
the renewable energy, requires further understanding carbon management.
The Greenhouse Gases
Gas |
Chemical
Formula |
GWP
(Global Warming Potential)* |
Main
Sources of Emissions |
Carbon
Dioxide |
CO2 |
1 |
Coal,
gas, oil |
Methane |
CH4 |
23
(21) |
Landfill
gas, Flaring, Ruminant animals (cows, sheep, goats etc) |
Nitrous
Oxide |
N2O |
296
(310) |
Agricultural
soils, Nitrogenous fertilisers, Wastewater treatment, Vehicle
emissions |
Hydrofluorocarbons |
HFCs |
200-7100 |
Refrigeration
Industry |
Fully
Fluorinated species (Sulphur Hexachloride) |
SF6 |
32400 |
Electrical
Switch gear |
Ethers
and Halogenated Ethers |
Various |
9
– 9200 |
Solvents
industries |
*Global
warming potential refers to the potency of the gas as a Greenhouse
Gas as compared with CO2. Methane and Nitrous Oxide were
revised in their potency as part of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change’s Third Assessment Report, 2001. The figures
in brackets represent the previous GWPs, but these are included
as these are currently used by the UNFCCC in its reporting framework
for National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories.
Carbon management goes far beyond pure emissions
of CO2 and the other GHG gases, as emissions and removals
(often referred to as carbon sequestration) are existing management
processes (forestry, land use change) and emerging technologies
which trap, balance or “offset” carbon. These systems
along with spectrum of Scottish and UK policy instruments such as
the UK Emissions Trading Scheme, Climate Change Levy, Renewable
Energy Obligation Certificates provide a foundation for action at
the local level; however there are also the international framework’s
Emissions Trading, Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation
through the Kyoto Protocol and managed by the UNFCCC which offer
further opportunities to managing carbon whilst managing the economic
growth and social development.
The Carbon Management Programme is developing a series of toolkits
for GHG emission management and understanding. We are scoping the
use of a variety of UK and international tools, with a view to establishing
a centre of excellence and resource unit for the wide and complex
issue of carbon management in Scotland and elsewhere, as a strategy
for tackling the challenges of climate change.
For further information on this programme please contact Dr Charles
Russell on 0141 331 8427
or charles.russell@gcal.ac.uk
Copyright © 2009 Glasgow
Caledonian University. |